ȸ, Ƶ ȸ պ,,,/ ſ׷ ڼö ȸ ó ź
2015-11-06 10:58:20





















ûȸ, պ .....

ȸ, Ƶ ȸ պϳ
news M/

ȸ
ȯ յΰ ȸ Ӹ ûȸ( û) Ƶ ϳ 簡 ù 뷡ȸ պ ǰ ִ.

ѱ п ȸ ο ϳ ȸ պ ٸ ΰ ϰ ִ١ ȸ պѴٸ, 11, ʾ 12 ° ֱ ̴١ ߴ.

ڿ ϳ 簡 °ϴ Ұϱ 'պ' ŷеǰ ִٰ ߴ.

̿ ȯ ǰ ʰ ִ . ڿ ̿ Ȳ ĩ Ը DZ⿡ (絵) ϴ ١ ߴ.

ڴ ȸ ˰ ֱ⿡ ε ü ̴١ , ٸ ȸ 縦 û ο б԰ ӵǰ ִٴ ̴١ ߴ.

û Ӹ ȸ ǰ ȸ ϰ ȴ.

ȸ 9 27 ȸ ֺ Ӹ û ûȸ Ѵٰ , û 輺 θ , ̿ ڿ뺹 ߿ 迵ȯ ȿ 弼 ö 躴ȣ 뺴 ȭ (̻ ) ο (̻ ǻ) 16 ϰ ִ.


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ȯ ӱ , ȸ û ⵵?

ҹ ϸ Ƶ ϳ , " Ȯ "
̿

ȯ ٰԴ. ȸ 9, 縦 ̱ ûȸ ٷ, Ư . ȸ 翡 ҹ ִ. ( ڷ )

[-̿ ] ȸ ȯ 12 Ѵ. ѿȸ () Ӹ 70 Ǵ ϰ ִ. ȸ 9 27, ûȸ(û) ٸ ȯ ã⿡ .

6 Ѵ ʴ ȸ 簡 , û ̷ . ް ⵵ ϰ ü û ۾ Ȯεƴ. û 輺 θ 17 ǻ 2 ̷ ִ. û ȸ ȸ õ ޾ ̾Ҵ.

6~12 û ٸ ۾ ϴ ٸ ȸ ʿ ߾ , ȸ ຸ ̴. û ۾ ϴ ټ ˹ Ȳ ̴. ȸ Ӹ簡 縦 ̾ 翪 ϱ⵵ Ѵ. ū ȸ ̲ ְ ϴ ̴. ׷ ȸ û ϱ⸸ ϴ.



ȸ ȯ 12 Ӹ . ϴ ̿

̷ ߿ ȸ 翡 ϸ ϴ. Ư ȯ Ƶ ϳ (뷡ȸ) û Ǵٽ ƴ. д ϳ ü ̶ ̾߱⸦ ƿ ȸ 뷡ȸ ϳ 縦 Ӹ ٴ ִ.

<> ڴ ǰ踦 ľϱ ȸ ε ϳ ׸ ߰ ȸڿ . ̵ "Ȯ , 鸮 ̾߱ ҹ Ұϴ" Ҵ.

11 1 Ͽ ȸ δ "ҹ Ե ϸ 10 Ѵ´. ׷ ̾߱ ٱ Ű ʿ䵵 " ߴ. û Ҽӵ ε ̾߱⵵ ٸ ʾҴ. û " ̰, ü " ߴ. ٸ û ٸ鼭 ҹ ƴ϶ ߴ.

ȸ ຸ Ѻ Դٴ (ŷѺȸ) Ȯ ȴٰ ߴ. 11 2 ڿ ȭ "ȯ ԻӸ ƴ϶ û ũٰ . û ܼ ȸ ȸ ϴ ƴ϶ ȸ ϱ ð ɸ " ߴ.

ϳ Ӽ ־, 2013 ȸ ϸ鼭 ߴ. ⿡ ϳ 簡 " ʰڴ", "Ģ̳ "̶ ɴ ߴ. ( : ȯ Ƶ, " Ѵ" / [6] )

׷ ϳ 2014 3, ⵵ ϳ 뷡ȸ ôߴ. ȸ ȸ ϰ, ϳ ε 뷡ȸ ְ ߴ. ƹ ȸκ ϳ Ģ ̶ ޾ƾ ߴ. ( : ȯ Ƶ 'ȭ' а)



ȯ Ƶ ϳ 簡 ȸ ŷеǰ ִ. 2013 11, Ŵ Ŵ пȸ ûARMC ̳ ϳ ϱ ȸ Ǹ ڴٰ ߴ. 2014 3 8, 뷡ȸ â 迡 ȸ ȯ 簡 Ƶ ϳ 縦 Ȱ ִ . ( ڷ )

Ǵٽ Һ ȸ ϳ ұ. 10 31 <> ڿ ȭ " ƴ  ִ . (û) ¥ ִٴ Ҽ ϴ. ݱ " ߴ.

ڴ ʰڴٰ ݵ ȿ , Ȯ ʾҴ.

"׶ ִ. (׷) ͼ Ǵٽ Ȯ ֱ ׷. ׷ ̾߱ ( ) Űڴٰų Ű ʰڴٰ ϱ ƴ. ִ ϰ ִٴ ͸ ˾ ޶. ιۿ ϴ ޶."

ȸ δ, û 11 Ȱ ̶鼭 12 DZ 簡 ̶ ߴ.


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80 ħʱ ȸ, ,

20 û 60 ǻ 塦80 ϸ 500 ̻ 䱸
ֽ

8, Ӵ̣ 80 θ Ȥ ߴ. 簡 ε Ȱų ߴ Դٴ ̴. ظ ߴٴ 4 7 ׸ Ƿ ߴ.

<> Ȯ , ⵶ѱħȸ ȸ ȸ θ翴. ״ 80 Ѿ ݱ ġ ϰ ִ ˷. 9 ȸ þ ܻ ö. 80 θ簡 ߹ ۽ ϱ.

θ 10 塦 ī Ȥ



ȸ 1971 簡 ô 40 Ѱ ȸ ̴. ε ȸ Ը Ѷ 400 Ѿ⵵ ߴٰ ߴ. ϴ ֽ

<> 10 19, 翡 ظ Ծٴ ȸ 7 . ߿ Ƿ 縦 ε鵵 ־, ܺο ˷ η ܿ ̸ ø ε鵵 ־. ̵ 翡  ظ ߴ, ڿ ̾߱ ־.

ǻ(56) / 2006, ȣ Ĵ翡 縦 . ȸ ̾߱, ̾߱ ٰ ڱ 簡 "ݱ ָ ô" ߴ. ׷ ɿ ϸ鼭 " ʹ" ߴ. Ⱑ ڸ Ͼ ϴµ, " ־" ϸ ڿ Ȱ Լ ̴. ʹ 鼭 Դµ, 翡 ȭ Դ.

ȸ 2010⿡ 22 ָƮ 뿡 ʺߴ. ʺ ĺ ָƮ " 翡 ȭ ´" ȣϱ ߴ. ʹ ȭ 縦 ãư " ൿ ׵ ġ ϰ ʾƵ, ִټ ġ Ѿ. ׷ ̴ ճ໹ Ǵ л ʴ°. ָƮ Բ ׸ ΰڴ" ߴ. ׷ 簡 о. Ѹġ Դ.

2013, Ϸ Ƿ . û ־ ߴ 200 ְڴٸ 翡 Ű ϰ ڰ ߴ. տ ڱ ȴ Ű ߴ.

ǻ(53) / 3, 10 ȭ ٰ 縦 . ̸ ¤ ־µ, ڱ ޼ Ȯ ƴ鼭 Ȯ 񺳴. ׷ " ǻ ?" ߴ. ʹ Ȳ ġ ȭǷ .

ǻ(61) / 2008, Ʈ . ȸ Բ Ʈ µ, ڱ 簡 ڽŵ ȾҴ.

(59) / 2011 1, Ͽ ǿ " ־?" ϸ Ǽ ϴµ, հ չٴ ܰ ϰ Ĵٺô. 9 Ȱ · ߰, ׶ ִ ī . ʹ ġ Ȳ ð ٸ ߴ.

ڵ 2008 2015⿡ ̸ Ⱓ 簡 Դٰ ߴ. ͼ , 2014 12 ǻ簡 ϸ鼭 ׵ ϰ ε ڽ ̾߱⸦ ̶ ߴ.

4, δ ڰ ٰ ߴ. Ȯ ִ Ǹ ص ڰ 10̰, ų Ȳ ľǵǴ Ѵٰ ߴ. <> ڰ ε ߿ , ϴ 쵵 ־. ε, ڸ ǻ絵 Ȳ ٰ  Ӹ ִٰ ߴ. ׷ ȿ ˷ η ϰ ִ Ȳ̶ ߴ.

߹ ̹ ó ƴϴ. 2006, óī ߴٴ Ȥ ۽ ִ. ī A 30 10 翡 ߴٰ ߴ. A ̸ ٰ, ڴʰ ˰ ȥϰ Ǹ鼭 鿡 30 ߴٰ ٴ ̴. ̿ A 簡 ùϴ ȸ տ ߴ. ( : ȸ, ī Ȥ)

"  ϴ ̴. 10 䱸ߴ" Ǹ ߴ. ( : "  ")  ذƴ ڼ ˷ ʾҴ. ȸ ε "30 ̾ Ҽ ߴ. 簡 DZ ִ ɷ ˰ ִ" ߴ.

<> ڰ ε "ó ( ī Ŷ) ʾҴ. ׷ ð 鼭 츮 ϴ ' ̾ ְڱ' ߴ" ߴ.

ε 翡 䱸, Ǹ ߴٰ ߴ. ᱹ 4 7 縦 ߴ. 4 2 ģ˰ DZ 2013 ̶ ȿ ư, ȿ Ǹ ǰ ġƴ. ε ȭ , 簡 Ư ο ȭ ɾ ȭ ڷ ߴ.

Ѱܹ ȯ , ̰ Ŀ, 12 Ž⸦ 翡  δ.



ȸ ε Ǹ ޾Ҵ. 簡 80 ̷ ϱ 2013 12, ״ 󿩱 1,000 Ѵ ʸ ޾Ҵ. ȸ 5,000 ؼ µ, ̸ ϸ ȸ -6,000 Ѱ ȴ. ϴ ֽ

" ȸ ϴ 32"Ŵ 500 ̻ 䱸

൵ , ε гϰ ־. 80 ʰ ȸ Ӹ ùߴ. 1971 ȸ ôؼ 2013 42 ڸ Ų ̴.

68 Ǵ ؿ "10 ϰڴ" ߴٰ Ѵ. 簡 θ, ġ鼭 Ӹ ̾ ޴ Ҵ. 2013 11, "ȸ ر ϰ 簡 Ӹ մ´" ǥߴ.

簡 80 ǵ ùϰ, ȸ Ӹ ڸ ൵ ݹ ʴ ε Ͼ ̾. 1971 ȸ ô 40 Ѱ ȸ " ʰڴ" ߴ. ׷ ٸ ͵ 䱸ߴ.

ȸ ' غȸ' , " ȾƼ ȸ ôߴ. ݱ ȸ Ͱ, 32 ȴ. ׷ ׷ ״ Ŵ ޶" ߴ.

簡 ' ༭' ̿ ڽ  ؾ ϴ ־ٰ ߴ. ⿡ ſ 400 ȸ 3Ⱓ ſ 100 ſ ú 70 ⳻ ִ 70% Ƴ ⱳȸ Ŵ ϴ 緮 ؿܿ ȸ δ (2014) ſ 1ȸ ־.

<> Լ ȸ , 2013 495 , 80 , ȸ 100 4ȸ شϴ 495 800 Ѵ ʸ ޾Ҵ. ȸ ĸ ݵ ſ 10% ߴ.



ſ 400 , ȸ 100 , ú 70 ޶ ' ༭' κ δ. ȸ 2014 ڷḦ , 翡 κ ޵ƴ. ε Ƿ 2014 6 ȸ ߴܵ, ޿ 500 ʸ ޾ . ׵ ȸ 100 ̸ پ, з . ϴ ֽ

ȸ Ը 2012 4 1,000 뿡 2014 3 3,000 , 翡 ʴ ū . 2014 θ 츦 翡 ݾ 405 , ȸ 100 , 70 570 Ѵ´. ' ༭' ϴ.

θ Ӹ翡 Ŵ Ǵ 븸 Ŵ 1,000 Ѿ ȸμ ϱⰡ ʾҴ. ᱹ ϴ " 帰" ϰ, Ϻ ε鵵 ż ݹߴ. ̿ 2014 6ʹ θ Ӹ翡 ޵Ǵ ȸ 100 ʱ ߴ. ε ׷ ϴٸ " ׸ θö", "ȸ ƴϴ" ߴ. ᱹ ݱ 浹 , ༭ ϰ 翡 70% ſ ϴ ߴ.

Ѷ 400 ⼮ϴ ȸ ġ 80 پ. ȸ ɰ. 1 3ฦ ξµ, 縦 ϰ 20 ȸ ⼮ϰ ִ. 40~50 ε ⵵ ϰ ִ.

ε ٴ , ˷ ޶

<> ̿ ȭ ɰ ޽ , ̵ 翡 ʾҴ. "( ) ׶ " , ĥ Ŀ "Ӹ ϱ ƴ" ȭ . " ϸ 翡 ϰڴ" ϰ, ȭ ʾҴ.

ٸ ε ȭ ־. , ε Ǹ ٸ ϴٴ ̴. ״ ε ȭ "ε ϰ . ǻ簡 ڲ ڱ⸦ " Ǹ ˷.

ؼ " ȸ ƴ. ȸ ᳪ, ڳ ϱ ᳪ. Ȱۿ ޾Ҵ" ߴ. "ȸ θ翡 ؾ ؾ, ȸ Ȱ ̿ܿ ִ. 10 ǰ" ڽ ϰ ִٴ ߴ.


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, Ƴ ȼ

ҰǡƳ ȣ ȸ ̲





() Ƴ ȣ ȼ ָ å dz޴. ״ 40 ϱ ־ å̶ "ſ dz״ ¡ DZ ٶ" ߴ. ( ̽ )



[- ] ġ ̰ ˸ ϰ ٷ. 縦 ƹ Ŵٴ 簡 ϴ ͵ ̰ Ư ̴. 2013 巯 ̰ ڼ ׿ ó ִ. ( : ̰ , ƼϺƮȸ )

̰ 10 26, 簡 ȸ 400 Ƴ ȣ ̱ ٴ Ǹ ߴ. ȸ 5 ȣ ̱ ȭ 翪 ȯ̶ ޾Ƶ ʾҴ. ˸ 5 11 ٸ ִ. ( : , '̰ ' ȸ 200 Ⱦ ) ټ 簡 ּ 10 ϰ ִ.

簡 ȴٸ ƼϺƮȸ(CHC) Ұ δ. ʴ ȸ CHC ̹ 縦 ο ΰ ִ ϴ. ֱ , ״ Ƴ ȣ ȼ .

10 19, CHC ȼ ̽Ͽ ÷ȴ. Ұ յ ̾. Բ Ƴ Ӹ ⵵ߴ. ̿ 簡 Ƴ ȣ ϴ 鵵 ־.

" 40 Ͼϴ. ó о Դϴ. ȼĿ ȼ ִ մϴ. ̰ ſ dz״ ¡ DZ ٶϴ. ȣ, ̰ ̰ տ ֽϴ."

CHC  ϴ ʱ ȸ Ư Ҽ ƴϴ. ȸ б ϰ , '̴ϽƮ' շϱ ؼ б ϴ ⺻̴.

ȣ б Ȯε ʾҴ. ȣ ׵ 簡 Ѻų, 踦 ε Դ. 2013, ηκ ó ޾ '(Executive Director)'̶ å þ ȸ 翪 鿡 ߴ. 簡 ƴϾ.

ȼ ȣ ̴ϽƮ Ҽӵ 125 ƴ. 11 20, ȴ. ټ ̰ , 翡 ȴٸ Ƴ ȣ '' CHC ̲ ̶ ٺô.


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Ի 89% ʴ١µ

켱γ ʼ õõ

пȭ ķ۽ 翪 ۷



ü л л ָ ȭ ִ. ѱлȸ

Ѷ ȭ  ֵϴ 밡 ֡ȥꡤáΰ衤 N 롯 ƴ.

пȭȸ(к) 26 бȸ 8ȸ 2015 ķ۽ 翪 ۷ ȣ ѱлȸ(CCC) п翪 ̴. 1980 Ĺݱ ȭ ̲ 90뿣 ߹ȭ ̴ֵ û⼼밡 ⸸ ϴ ܡ ƴ. ޲ ڰ Ż ̵鿡 ⵶  θ dz .

롦ִ ɻ = ķ۽ ° ȭ ̳ 翡 CCC п翪Ұ 20132015 Ի ǽġ ߴ.

ִ ɻ Ρ(53.2%). ڷ ΰ衯(39.7%) ࡯(30.8%) غ(17.1%) ̾. ⵶ л ɻ絵 ̵ ũ ٸ ʴ. CCC ȸ л ̻ ִ ɻ (34%) Ρ(24%) žҴ. ׸ ̶ л 14% ƴ.

û ̸ ױ⡯ ߵǸ鼭 ɵ ִ. Ի  ϰ ʴ١(88.6%) Ҵ. 2014(78.5%), 2013(71.8%) ġ.

̹ ۷ ü ķ۽ 뿬 90 ߹ л ر ȯⰡ л ⡯ ƴٰ мߴ. л Ŵ к Ȳ ߽ϰ, ȭǸ鼭 п ߴ١ ° ȭ Ȱ 90 ݿ ġ ϴ ο پ١ ߴ.

ֱ 3Ⱓ CCC 翡 л ȸ ٴ ʴ ̰ 亯 žҴ١ п翪ü ̵ ޾Ƶ ִ ؾ ̶͡ ߴ.

޵ ִ ģ ž = ü ķ۽ ؼ κ ٰų ظ 찡 . ١(40.5%) л Ұ, δ źΰ ١(28.8%) ߴ.

źΰ Ⱦ(35.9%) ϴ ൿ Ⱦ(34.8%) ϴ 뿡 ǰ ż(20.4%) ̾. ü ķ۽ ϴ 𸣴 ٰ ϴ. 󡯴 ´١ ׷ Ŀ ȭ ⵵ ʴ١ ߴ.

Ѱ£ ûῡ ϱ ؼ ռ ִ ȭ ģ 踦 ξ Ѵٴ ķ۽ 翪ڵ ߷̴.

N롯 ϱ ؼ ̵ ̿ ϰ ϴ ߿ϴ١ ̵ ϰ ⵵ϸ γ ȸ ־ Ѵ١ ߴ.


ϴ ķ۽ ȸ ü ؾ Ѵٴ ǰߵ Դ. 뿡 56質 û Ȳݾ塯 ѱȸ ɰ ķ۽ ̶ ȸ пü 翪 翪ڸ Ҽ ϳ ڳ࡯ ü ȸϴ û ķ۽ þ ̶͡ ߴ.


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ſ׷ ڼö ȸ ó ź յ

ѱѡѱ мǾ


19000

Ż ް ִ ſ׷ ڼö ȸ忡 ó ȣϴ ź յ ִ.

ſ ֱ ȸ  Ȱϰ ϰ ִ. ѱ⵶ѿȸ(ѱ) ѱȸ(ѱ) ⵶, ѱȸ мǾ ü鵵 ȸ .

̵ ź ȸ μ ȸ å ߰, м ⿩ ߴٴ . Ѱ  ȭ ̹߰, ؿܼ Ȱ ū ϰ ִ.

ȸ  ´ Ƶü ݱ Ŀ ؿ ȸ ϰ ִ. ̰ ̵ Ѹ ȸ ϰ ڱ ϸ鼭 ̿ Դ С̶ ó ȣߴ.

ѱѰ ѱ ⵶ ȸ ȸ ȭ Ư  130 ȸ ôϰ ؿԴ١ ״ 40Ⱓ žӻȰ ؿ ⵵ 弹 ι̶ .

ſ ؿܹο ٹϴ 鵵 ڸ â ⿩ κ ϸ ź ۼߴ. ̵ 츮 Ⱓ ̰ ̷ м ϸ ⿩ ȸ Ź ó ٶ١ ȣߴ. ݱ 19000 ȸ ź ۼ ˷.


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ó 輺 , ˷

ϰ Ȥ ε鿡 ' ', 'ź '
̿



θ ó 輺 ȸ 䱸ϴ ε鿡 , ź Ͷ ǥ ϰ ޾Ҵ. ( ڷ )

[-̿ ] θ ϰ Ȥ ǵȸ ε ' ', 'ź ' 輺 (ȸ) ׼ҽɿ ޾Ҵ. 輺 ó̴.

11 3, ߾ ׼4(ӵ ) 輺 翡 ɰ Ȱ ׼ 70 ߴ. Ǻδ " 簡 ϰ ǵȸ ȸٷμα⵵(α⵵) , ź ͷ Īߴ.

α⵵ ü ȸ 򰡸 ߸ ְ, ˿ شѴ" ߴ. ռ ɿ, 簡 ⡤롤 شѴٸ ߴ.

α⵵ 2011 峲 <Ϻ> ȸ Ƿ ϴ Ȥ Դ. 2013 11, ϰ Ȥ ϰ, ҷ ŵ ߴ. ( : , ū Ȥ ҷ ű ) α⵵ Ư 600 , ڼ ȭ, ܹ ȸ ä Ȥ ߴ.

ǵȸ Ưȸ(Ư) ٸ ü 縦 . Ư , 4 ϰ κ ִ 巯. ( : ǵȸ, ϰ Ȯ) ǵȸ ǻ ϰ 񸮸 ̴.

׷ 輺 α⵵ Ҵ. 2013 12 ̵ 1 ϰ " , ¥ ϴ. ̴ ѱȸ ϸ пŰ , ź 跫̹Ƿ ⵵ ¸սô" ߴ.

α⵵ӿ δ 11 3, <> ڿ ȭ " ϰ Ȥ Ŀ ִ 𸣰ڴ. ȸ Ϸ 츮 ź ͷ Ī Ǵ" ߴ.

̹ ǰ 輺 "ȣ dz "̶ ߴ.


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ȭ ⵵ȸ

漱 ο ģ ࿡ ۵šұ ʹ
sungoak@hotmail.com

⵵ȸ ѱ ű ǥϴ Ƿʴ. 50 ߹ е Ҹ Ͼ ȸ Ƹٿ ߾ ̴. ڴ ⵵ȸ ( ġ) ұ( · ) Ǿٴ 뼳 ϰ Ѵ.

ư ⵵ȸ ڵ (Գ) ÿ ߴٰ ϰ, ⵵ȸ ⵶ȭ  ̴. ߿ ߿ ʱ ⵵ȸ ϳ԰ ʿ, ⵵ 缺 յǾ ־ٴ ̴.

⵵ȸ ұ Ƴ

̳ å ʱ ѱȸ ⵵ȸ ұ · ҿ ߴٰ ִ. ΰ ӿ ȭ ()̳ ĥſ () ž̳ տ Ÿ() ž, Ȥ ս(ξ Ľ) Դٰ ϱ⵵ Ѵ.

̸ ŷ ִ ð̾. ε ڽ ȭ ϰ ġ ȴ. ⺹ ⵵ ״ ⵶ Ѿͼ ȸ ǰ â ؼ ⵵ϴ ' ⵶' ٰ Դ.

׷ ڴ ʴ ѱȸ Ͽ ⵵ȸ ׷ ٰ ڷḦ . 1970 Ŀ ޼ ѱȸ ⺹ ž ϴ ۵ ǻ Ἲ ϰ ͻ̴. ü ų 1 Ḧ ƴϴ.



1894 빮. ÿ ֹ ֹκ Ҵ.

ķ

밳 ʴ ѱȸ ⵵ȸ 4 30̳ 5ÿ ȴ. ϱ? 4 30̶ ð ķ õǾ ־.

ô ū ô 4 ѷο ־, ڰݷ ð Ȯ ð ˾Ҵ. ð ļ Ϸ縦 ϰ Ϸ縦 ߴ. 4ÿ ķ(ש) 33 ļ ߴ. 10ÿ (, ΰ) 28 ŸϿ Ͽ, 28 ڸ ϰ ݰ ǽߴ. ķ ߴ 33 Ÿ ұ ݿ ̴. ̻(گߣ) ִ 33 ϴ ģٴ ̾.

׷ ó 3ó 5ð ƴ϶, 4ÿ ķ縦 ģ ذ ߱ Ͼ 뵿 ؾ ߴ ô 깰̾. õⰣ ׶ Ͼ ϴ ΰ ü뿡 ̾. ⵵ȸ 4 30̳ 5ÿ 4ÿ ۵Ǵ ̴. Ÿ ʾƵ 4ÿ Ͼ 翡 4 30 Ǿ, ڵ 5ÿ ⵵ ־. ķ Ϸ ϻ ð Ͼ ȸ ͼ ⵵ȸ 𿴴.

Ϸ翡 ټ ︮ ȴ. ʰ( 8), ̰(10), (, 108), ( 3, 5), ( 5, 28 Ÿ 28谡 ⸦ ) ̾. ü ȿ ʰ ӿ ־. ׷ 3ÿ , ٽ 5ÿ () ġ (Ź) ︮, () ︰ () 28 ġ · Բ óԲ ø ߻ Żϱ⸦ ߴ.

ϰ ⵵ߴ ߼ ó, · ü뿡 ϴ ð Ͼ ϰ 帰 ̾. Ϸ縦 ϴ ķ Ҹ ٸ , Ӽ ¿ ð . Ǿ , 3ÿ Ͼ ü źϰ, ȸ . ⵵ȸ ޶, .

ڸ, ⵵ȸ ұ ̳ ε 帰 Ǿ Ұ . ķ Բߴ Ϸ ϻ ۰ ȴ. ׿ Ӽ ȿ ŷ輺 ȸϰ ϰ ߴ ڵ ϷϷ ϳ ϴ âǾ. 尨 ִ 迡, 㿡 ħ Ѿ ƴ ð Ӱ ⵵ ð̾.

⵵ȸ μӽžӿ

1905 ۵() ȸ λȸ ij(A. Carroll) .

"ħ ð ġ ħ ˸ ðó dzʿ ִ []ε Ͼ θ ⵵ ϴ ٶ Ͼ ߴ. ׷ 4ÿ ð ̳ ׷ ȭ ̾."

̴ ؼϸ鼭, ȭ ڳ սſ ڵ ȸ Ⱓ ߿ ⵵ȸ ٲپٰ Ҵ[̴, <ѱ ȸ >(ѱ⵶翬, 2000) 348~350]. ׷ ڷḦ ׷ ִ ǹ̴. 6ÿ Ͼ ξ սſ 뷡 ȴ? ƴϴ. 4ÿ Ͼ ġ 帱 ð ȭ ? ƴϴ. ڷῡ Ͻ ⵵ȸ ս ġ ̿ ðݡǷ 鿡 Ӽ ã ƴ.

⵵ȸ 漱ֿ ε ߴ

⵵ȸ ؼ ڰ ǥ ִ. ڼ Ǵ " 漱 ", <ѱ⵶ > 25ȣ (2006 9) 7~35 . ڴ (ΰ ) ڿ 漱ֿ û Ŀ ϰ, ϴ ⵵뼺⵵ö ⵵ 1905 ȸ , 1909 Ŀ ȸ α׷ ⵵ȸ ߴٰ ߴ. ⵵ȸ 漱ֿ ģ ࿡ ߴٴ 忡 ݷ . ڴ ߴ.

"漱ְ ߽ Ǿ ⵶ ȭ ⵵ 뼺⵵ 1910 ĺ ѱȸ ϱ ߴµ, ҿ ⵵ ϸ, ű ⵵ ⿡ ȸ ü ϰ ־."

' ⵵ȸ' αȸ ȸ ۵Ǿٰ ߴ. 1898 2, Ȳص ȸ ȸ Ϲ ε ڹ ⵵ȸ , Ȳص ٸ ȸ(1901 2) ε ⵵ȸ ó Ұߴ. ̿ ȸ ұԸ Ͻ ̴ ⵵ȸ 1905 ȸ α׷ äõǾ, 1909⿡ ȸ α׷ ȯǾٰ ߴ.

1890~1905, ȸ ⵵

1892 10 ѱ ڵ 縦 , , , , ȸ ٽ ġ ȸ ߴ. 1891 ä ׺ ȸڿ ڸ 缺ϱ ؼ.

1892 11 28Ϻ 12 24ϱ £ ù йݿ ȫ, Ѽ, ڵ Ͼ ڹ ⵵ȸ 𿴴. ȸ Ͼ ϰ ⵵ϴ ӵǾ. ȸ ⵵ȸ Ȳص Ϲ ȸ ⵵ȸ ִ.

̸ "ѱ űȸ ⵵ ʱ⿡ ", <а õ> 31ȣ (2012 5) 183~225ʿ 1892 ȸ ȫ, ■, Ѽ ⵵ ʸ Ұ , ȸ ⵵(ȸ) ʸ Ҵ. ڴ ڰ Ұ Ȳص ȸ ȸ ⵵(1898 2) ٸ Ȳص ȸ ⵵(1901 2) ̾, ʻ(1901), (1903), (1904), ȭд(1904), ۵(1905) ȸ ̷ ⵵ ʵ ߴ.

׸ ̾ ڰ 1909, 漱 ġ ΰ ֵ ȸ ⵵ȸ ߴ.  1909 ⵵ȸ ȸ Ϲ ŵ ⵵ȸ, ȸ ̷ ѽ ⵵ȸ.

̸״ ⵵ κ Ϳ ָߴ. ġ ⵵ ߴٴ 뼳 ߴ. 1893 θ ôϴ Ʈ(S. A. Moffett) Ѽ ⵵ ٰŷ, Ʈ ⵵ âÿ ū ߴٰ ߴ.

׷ Ʈ ⵵ ϴ ߴٴ Ǿ Ѵ. װ ⵵ Ҵٸ, 1895 ⵵ȸ 帮ų, δٸȸ Ȥ ȸ ذ 1900⿡ ⵵ȸ â ̴. ׷ Ʈ ۿ ׷ . 帰 ⵵ ȸ ' ⵵ȸ' ƴ.

漱 ù ȸ ⵵ȸ , 1906 ƴ 1909

å̳ ¶ α׿ ߸ ´.

"츮 ⵵ 1906 , '漱' ֵ 'ȸ' Ͽ. ⵵ȸ 1907 翡 ˹ߵ ѱ ⵶ ù DZ⵵ ߴ. 漱 δ Ȳ( ) ִ Ͽ ȸ ⵵Ͽ, ε ⵵ϱ Ͽ, ʾ 300~500 ̸ ε ̱ ߴ."

⼭ 漱 ⵵ȸ 1906 ߴ 漱 ⵵ȸ 1907 ù Ǿ ô ⿴ٴ . 1906 ˷ μ 1930 <žӻȰ> 漱 鼭 ׷ ߸ ߱ ̴. ⵵ȸ  Ⱑ ÷ ٽ ҷŰ 1909⿡ ο ȸ ̾. ѱ Ĺ DZ ̾.

⵵ȸ 1920 Ĺ~1930 ʹ

1907 1910뿡 ⵵ȸ ѱȸ θ ǰ ó ϴ ̵鵵 ƴϴ. ׷ . ̴ 1914⿡ ȭ ȸ ȸ ⵵ȸ 1 ȸ ȸ 帰 ̴. ȸ ƴϾ. ȸ Ȧ 30̳ 100 ⵵ 帰 ̳ 31  Ͼ , ż ⵵  1919 ⵵ȸ ̴ ȸ .

1920 Ĺݿ ϴ ⵵ȸ ڷ ؼ ؾ . ̶ ⵵ȸ 帮 ϻ ⵵ ȸ ڸ Ĺ ġϿ ⵵ ߱ ̾ ̴. ⵵ ʰ ϷϷ簡 ε ұ ̾.

ð ⵶ȭ, ķ縦 ȸ Ҹ

1910 ȸ ⵵ȸ ð ⵶ȭϱ ߴ. 1910 ѵδ '' , Ȯ '۷' ̶ ٸ õ 㹰. 4 Ű Ϻ ȣ Ҹ Į Ҹ Ҹ Ǿ. 漺 Ű ̶ Ǿ. ȥ Ҹ Ҿȴ. () 漺() Ű Ҹ() 漺̾, Ҹ ô () Ĺ 漺̾.

ÿ ùε鿡 ٽ Ҹ ȸ ̾. 翡 ħ 6, 12, 6 3 ƴ. ϸ ȸ, ׸ ȸ ȸ ٸ Ⱓ ϸ鼭 Ÿߴ. ȸ Ҹ ٽ ð ϰ, 츮 () Ǿ. ȥ Ƴ Ҹ. ϴ Ƚ ȭٸ, ⵵ȸ Ϸ縦 ϴ ù ð ȭ.



1909 ֱȸ ġϱ Ҵޱ ִ. Ȯ ž Ҹ ð ȭϱ ߴ.
⵵ȸ ڵ Ȯ ð

ȿ ùε 4ÿ Ͼ , Ҹ Ŀ 밳 4ÿ ŵ ߴ. ׷ ȸ ϴ 4 30̳ 5ÿ ⵵ȸ ̰, ̾ Ϸ ð ߴ. 4 30̳ 5ÿ ȸ ⵵ȸ, ݸ ӿ ִ 3ó 5ÿ ·鳢 ϰ ϰ 帮 Ͱ ޶.


ӿ ŷ輺 Ϸ 뵿ڿ ֺε ⵵ȸ. ٰ ϻ ſ տ ϴ ϴ ð̾. ο򿡼 Ѿ Ϸ 輱 ð (), ׷ ƴ ð, ǰ ִ ð, ڵ ϳ ߴ. Ͼ ִ Ϸ Ϸ 뵿ڵ 㳷 Ͻô ϳ Բϴ ̾.

ڴ ϴ ų ߻ Ϸ Ұ ޶, Ȧ ĥſ ΰž ġ ޶. ڿ ġ , ڿ డ Բ ϴ ü . ⵵ . ⵵ȸ ѱ ű ¡ϴ Ƿʰ Ǿ ⵵ ⺹ ⵵ ޸ ȿ Ϲ ε Բ 帮 ⵵ȸ ⵶ȭ߱ ̴.

Ҹ Ѵ. ŷ ȥ Ҹ ѱȸ ٽ ġ ʿϴ. Ͼ ġ ִ ȸ,  ȸ Ҹ ׸.

⵵ Ѵ. ̸ ݰ ڳฦ ⵵ߴ Ӵϵ û ׳ ȸ ִ.

⵵ȸ Ѵ. տ ϳ԰ ϴ , ٸ տ ڷμ ϴ Բ 帮 ⵵ ȸ .




ν ĶϾָб(UCLA) ƽþƾȭа ӵӹ α(ѱ⵶)̴. б а а ȸдб дп п ̱ Ͻб ϴб ⵶ 縦 ߴ. 2002 UCLA ѱٴ ѱ縦 ġ ִ. δ , <ѹݵ > ִ.

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